Today I read a paper titled “A Fast General Methodology for Information-Theoretically Optimal Encodings of Graphs”
The abstract is:
We propose a fast methodology for encoding graphs with information-theoretically minimum numbers of bits.
Specifically, a graph with property pi is called a pi-graph.
If pi satisfies certain properties, then an n-node m-edge pi-graph G can be encoded by a binary string X such that (1) G and X can be obtained from each other in O(n log n) time, and (2) X has at most beta(n)+o(beta(n)) bits for any continuous super-additive function beta(n) so that there are at most 2^{beta(n)+o(beta(n))} distinct n-node pi-graphs.
The methodology is applicable to general classes of graphs; this paper focuses on planar graphs.
Examples of such pi include all conjunctions over the following groups of properties: (1) G is a planar graph or a plane graph; (2) G is directed or undirected; (3) G is triangulated, triconnected, biconnected, merely connected, or not required to be connected; (4) the nodes of G are labeled with labels from {1, …, ell_1} for ell_1 <= n; (5) the edges of G are labeled with labels from {1, ..., ell_2} for ell_2 <= m; and (6) each node (respectively, edge) of G has at most ell_3 = O(1) self-loops (respectively, ell_4 = O(1) multiple edges).
Moreover, ell_3 and ell_4 are not required to be O(1) for the cases of pi being a plane triangulation.
These examples are novel applications of small cycle separators of planar graphs and are the only nontrivial classes of graphs, other than rooted trees, with known polynomial-time information-theoretically optimal coding schemes..